Submission · anonymous
This paper presents an optimal scheduling framework for merchant-owned energy storage systems (ESS) participating in multiple ancillary service markets alongside energy arbitrage. The proposed mixed-integer linear program maximises expected daily profit by co-optimising bids for energy, spinning reserve, regulation up, and regulation down over a 24-hour horizon while respecting physical ESS constraints including state-of-charge limits, power limits, round-trip efficiency, and battery degradation costs.