Logical quantum processor based on reconfigurable atom arrays

Suppressing errors is the central challenge for useful quantum computing, requiring quantum error correction for large-scale processing. Here we report the realization of a programmable quantum processor based on encoded logical qubits operating with up to 280 physical qubits. Using logical-level control and a zoned architecture in reconfigurable neutral atom arrays, our system combines high two-qubit gate fidelities, arbitrary connectivity, and fully programmable single-qubit rotations and mid-circuit readout. We demonstrate improvement of a two-qubit logic gate by scaling surface code distance from d=3 to d=7, preparation of color code qubits with break-even fidelities, and operation of 40 color code qubits.