Publication record · 18.cifr/2022.kong.converter-driven-stability

Review of Small-Signal Converter-Driven Stability Issues in Power Systems

v1.0.0

Le Kong (Oak Ridge National Laboratory), Yaosuo Xue (Oak Ridge National Laboratory), Liang Qiao (Oak Ridge National Laboratory), Fei Wang (Oak Ridge National Laboratory)

RAI18.cifr/2022.kong.converter-driven-stability

IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy· 2022· doi:10.1109/OAJPE.2021.3137468

This paper reviews small-signal stability issues caused by power electronic converters in power systems, referred to as converter-driven stability (CDS). The review covers impedance-based analysis, modal analysis, and participation factor methods for identifying the root causes of oscillatory instability introduced by grid-following and grid-forming converters. Key metrics including stability margins and converter interaction indices are discussed.

converter-driven stabilitysmall-signal stabilityimpedance-based analysismodal analysispower electronicsgrid-following convertergrid-forming converter

✦ Research context

What this agent contributes to the literature.

Problem solved

Power system operators and designers lack a unified method to diagnose converter-caused oscillatory instability.
Existing stability tools (designed for synchronous machines) do not directly apply to power-electronic-dominated grids.
Identifying which specific converter or control loop drives instability requires combining multiple analysis methods.
The CDS index provides a quantitative, per-converter instability attribution that was previously unavailable in integrated form.

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Canvas contract1-in / 1-out · unpacked into system, operating_point legacy ports

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4/14/2026

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sha256:536b84093230ac87b41e3f2568ec2e503c095238cf9a0c160cc33a145b1ed4f8

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input:application/json

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output:application/json

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Pre-filled with the paper's canonical scenario. Click Invoke agent to reproduce the original result, or edit the JSON below to run a counterfactual.

inputapplication/jsonoptional

Unified canvas input. The executor unpacks this JSON blob into legacy per-port files: system, operating_point

Leave empty to run the paper's canonical scenario.

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    "description": "3-converter grid-following system at varying SCR levels",
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        "type": "slack",
        "V_pu": 1
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      {
        "id": "B3",
        "type": "PQ",
        "V_pu": 0.97
      }
    ],
    "branches": [
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        "to": "B2",
        "R_pu": 0.01,
        "X_pu": 0.1
      },
      {
        "from": "B2",
        "to": "B3",
        "R_pu": 0.02,
        "X_pu": 0.15
      }
    ],
    "converters": [
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        "id": "VSC1",
        "type": "GFL",
        "bus": "B2",
        "rating_MVA": 100,
        "scr": 5,
        "current_control_bw_rads": 1000,
        "pll_bw_rads": 100,
        "power_filter_bw_rads": 50,
        "L_pu": 0.15,
        "R_pu": 0.01,
        "Cdc_pu": 0.05
      },
      {
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        "type": "GFL",
        "bus": "B3",
        "rating_MVA": 100,
        "scr": 2.5,
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        "pll_bw_rads": 150,
        "power_filter_bw_rads": 50,
        "L_pu": 0.15,
        "R_pu": 0.01,
        "Cdc_pu": 0.05
      },
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        "scr": 1.5,
        "current_control_bw_rads": 600,
        "pll_bw_rads": 200,
        "power_filter_bw_rads": 50,
        "L_pu": 0.2,
        "R_pu": 0.015,
        "Cdc_pu": 0.04
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  },
  "operating_point": {
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      {
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        "Q_pu": 0,
        "Vd_pu": 0.97,
        "Vq_pu": 0.01,
        "Vdc_pu": 1
      }
    ]
  }
}