Publication record · 18.cifr/1996.lloyd.universal-quantum-simulator

Universal Quantum Simulators

v1.0.0

Seth Lloyd (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

RAI18.cifr/1996.lloyd.universal-quantum-simulator

Science· 1996· doi:10.1126/science.273.5278.1073

Feynman's 1982 conjecture, that quantum computers can be programmed to simulate any local quantum system, is shown to be correct.

quantum simulationTrotter decompositionlocal Hamiltoniansquantum computingproduct formula

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Classical simulation of quantum systems requires exponential resources. Lloyd's proof established that a programmable quantum computer can simulate any local quantum dynamics with only polynomial overhead, providing the theoretical foundation for quantum simulation as a practical quantum computing application.

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Lloyd proved constructively that any local quantum Hamiltonian can be simulated on a quantum computer in polynomial time using Trotter product formulas, confirming Feynman's 1982 conjecture. The key bound shows n = O(k^2 t^2 / epsilon) Trotter steps suffice for precision epsilon, establishing quantum simulation as an efficient quantum algorithm.

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